A botanical garden is defined as a collection of plants scientifically ordered and maintained, documented and labeled for public education, research and enjoyment.
Smith College, in Northampton, Mass., was founded in 1871, and since opening, it has provided women an education of uncompromising quality.
In 1872, the college incorporated the study of plants into its academic curriculum. Now, the 127 acres of gardens and arboretum of the college combine the best of art and science.
The Botanic Garden includes thousands of plants on its 150-acre campus. It also features a collection of approximately 60,000 pressed herbarium specimens available for research.
The Garden Takes Shape
Smith College hired the firm of Olmsted, Olmsted and Eliot in the 1880s to develop a landscape theme to keep up with the growth of the college. The firm’s senior member, Frederick Law Olmsted, is best known for designing New York City’s Central Park, as well as the Boston park system.
In 1893, the firm came up with a plan to curve the drives and walkways at the garden, as well as to create open spaces to showcase specimen trees and place vistas overlooking Paradise Pond. The plan also called for diverse trees, shrubs and herbs, as well as aquatic and marsh plants to be incorporated into the landscape. In May of the following year, William Francis Ganong was appointed professor of botany and director of the Botanic Garden – positions he held until retiring in 1932. Under his leadership, the garden formally took shape. That same summer, Edward J. Canning was hired as head gardener. Together, Ganong and Canning expanded the Lyman Plant House, built a rock garden, turned the entire campus into an arboretum, and reworked the herbaceous plant beds into a systematics garden.
In 1921, the college acquired the Capen School, which further enhanced the garden. When horticulturist William I. P. Campbell was hired in 1937, he joined forces with the college’s landscape architect, Dorothy May Anderson, and they expanded the existing campus plan. One of the first things they did was to renovate and expand the Rock Garden. Campbell worked for Smith College for 34 years, and his legacy continues on, because his work is still visible in the campus’ landscape.
In 1952, Blakeslee Range greenhouses were added to the conservatory complex, in an effort to further chromosomal research by geneticist Albert F. Blakeslee, who joined the team at Smith in 1942. Gregory D. Armstrong was appointed director of the Botanic Garden in 1971, and he organized and oversaw a major expansion of the Lyman Plant House, which was completed in 1981.
Richard H. Munson, who guided the establishment of the Japanese Garden for Reflection and Contemplation, was hired in 1985 to direct the garden. Before leaving the college in 1995, Munson initiated a master-planning project for the garden. The following year, Kim E. Tripp stepped in as director and was with the college until 1999. In 2000, Michael Marcotrigiano took over as director of the Botanic Garden, just in time to oversee the renovation and restoration of the Lyman Plant House.
Garden Attractions
- The Lyman Conservatory houses more than 2,500 species of plants, comprising one of the best collections of tropical, subtropical and desert plants in the United States.
- It is one of the few remaining plant conservatories built in the 19th century. The conservatory houses a diverse collection of plants, which have served as study subjects for students at Smith College through the years. In addition, researchers and horticulturists have used plant material from this collection in their work toward finding cures for cancer and AIDS, and for doing screening of plants for new pharmaceuticals. They have also been used by gardeners seeking to beautify the world in which we live.
- The Rock Garden, created in 1897, is home to approximately 2,000 types of alpine, dwarf and woodland plants, making it the most intensively planted area on the Smith College campus. It was modeled after a rock garden at the Royal Botanic Gardens, and it is now – since Harvard’s rockery, built in the 1870s, wasn’t kept up – the oldest rock garden in North America. This garden takes some work in order to maintain the drainage alpine plants require, so the Rock Garden needs periodic renovation.
- The Japanese Garden for Reflection and Contemplation was proposed in November 1984 by Jill Ker Conway, the college’s president at the time. It was designed by David Slawson, who apprenticed with Nakane Kinsaku – the famous Kyoto landscape artist. Conway officiated at the ground-breaking ceremony May 4, 1985.
The garden is built into a wooded slope below the President’s House, overlooking Paradise Pond. To symbolize seven events in the life of Buddha, rocks are arranged around the tea hut. A Buddhist dedication service was held Oct. 2, 1998, to place two stone lanterns and a stone statue of Jizo – the protector of children and of travelers who have lost their way. - Established in 1978, the President’s Herb Garden has Thymus vulgaris in its center bed, as well as a sundial. In addition to plants used for fragrance and dye, medicinal and culinary plants make up the four quadrants and borders.
- A living museum of woody plants, the Campus Arboretum creates a pastoral environment for academic endeavors. New plants are continually added to all the collections – many that are grown from wild-collected seed made available from botanical gardens around the world. All plants are documented and labeled for edification and enjoyment for generations to come.
Visit the Botanic Garden of Smith College for more information.
